Myopia Development in Infants :: Vision Sight Nearsightedness Disorders Essays

Myopia Development in InfantsAn impairment in visual sense can lead to a very challenging life. Many Americans suffer from abnormalities in their vision. They suffer with diseases such as glaucoma, hyperopia, and myopia. Myopia, or effectivesightedness, is fairly prevalent in the United States of America. In fact, it is estimated that twenty-five percent of the population of the United States is nearsighted (Kolata, 1985). Myopia occurs when the resting eye becomes focused on distant objects. The lens of the eye moldiness become thicker and the radius of curvature must be increased in order for the eye to look at nearby objects. In individuals with myopia, the eyes ar excessively long. This gets the image to form in front of the retina as opposed to on it (Kolata, 1985). Myopia frequently results from excessive postnatal eye growth. Typically, it develops in the premature school years however, some cases do not develop until early adulthood (Quinn, Shin, Maguire, & Stone, 1999) .Myopia is a very serious disease that can contain a tremendous effect on the life of a child. Approximately 5.6% of blindness among American school children can be attributed to myopia. Furthermore, it predisposes individuals to retinal detachment, retinal degeneration, and glaucoma (Quinn et. al., 1999).The cause of myopia has not yet been determined. However, children of p arents with myopia tend to develop myopia more frequently than children with nonmyopic parents (young et.al., 1998a). The two highest factors that contribute to myopia are myopic parents and doing near work. Other indications for the development of myopia include childhood illnesses, low birth weight, and nearsighted siblings (Review of Optometry, 1999).Since a definite cause for myopia has not been determined, researches are divided as to whether the disease is caused by genetic factors or environmental factors. The debate for the genetic conjecture begins with the thought that myopia may be collect to a do minant gene that is inherited by the child from the parent (Young et.al., 1998a). There is evidence to suggest that genetic heterogeneity attributes to high myopia ( Young et.al., 1998b). This implies that the child who inherits diversified genes from his or her parents is more likely to develop myopia. However, it is also thought that myopia may be caused by influences from the nervous system that are not normal and have a negative impact on the developing eye. Thus, it may, as well, be genetically determined (Kolata, 1985). The basis for the genetic theory is supported by the fact that myopia tends to run in families.

The Hawk Essay -- English Literature Essays

The Hawk EssayTed Hughes and Robbin Jeffers offer many similarities and differences in their poems slightly vends. Although written apply contrasting styles, the poems share numerous opinions and themes. These ideas include cause against weakness, arrogance, and exul enlaceion of hawks as gods chosen ruler. Yet, Hughes and Jeffers show different attitudes towards hawks, one acting as a dictator of Creation, and the other as a defeated, but still respectable bird. The issue of power versus weakness is transmitted potently in some(prenominal) poems. In Hawk remaining, the hawks image is captured in an authoritative tone, especially by the enhancement of first person view. The hawks supremacy and power is high-pitchedlighted in the poem by describing its supreme po razzion above all in almost all aspects of its life. I sit in the aggrandizement of the wood, my eyes closed conveys a sniff out of forceful peace, as if the hawk knows it holds so much power that it is fearless and can roost confidently without creation attacked. To sit in the top of the wood too demonstrates a noble rank, resembling the king in the human royal monarchy. The line I kill where I please because it is all mine emphasises the power the hawk believes he holds, as if he has ownership over Creation. Meanwhile, all other creations do by God are symbols of inferiority, acting to serve the hawk and die when he chooses for them to die. For example, Now I hold Creation in my foot suggests tat he holds the trees limbs, a foundation of life, under his grasp. The manner in which he dictates the maintenance of law under his reign as seen in My eyes has permitted no change. I am going to keep things like this also conveys the idea that the hawk alone can overcome any other force. Similarly, Hurt Hawks also creates the issue of power against weakness. Despite the fact that the hawks wing is injured and cannot fly, cat nor coyote volition shorten the week of waiting for death. This illu strates how high the hawk is in the food chain and how domineering he is in nature. At distance no one but death the redeemer will humble that interrogation emphasises again that the hawk rules the land, and nothing but death will claim him. In the final lines but what soared the fierce rush the nighttime V herons by the flooded river cried fear at its rising shows the everlasting power of the hawk. Despite the loss of its... ...k, results in a highly negative image. For example, in that respect is no mundaneness in my body. My manners are tearing off heads V the allotment of death conveys a tone of malice and savageness. Thus the idea of hawk is critical. On the other hand, Jeffers admires the courage of the hawk in his poem. He describes the submission in the bird, and the agony if experiences since it is physically stronger than other creatures but is now powerless. in that location is a sense of pity and sympathy as Jeffers describes the internal strength the hawk tries to maintain. Admiration is depicted in Beautiful and wild, the hawk, and men that are dying, call in him, where he suggests that counterbalance men pay respect to the boldness the hawk possesses. These contrasting concepts of criticism ad admiration are responsible for the difference of ideas evince in the both poems. Through analysing the poems in terms of these subjects, attitudes and themes, similarities and differences can be made. Whilst the idea of power against weakness, arrogance and exultation of hawks role in creation is back up by both Hughes and Jeffers poems, the impressions of criticism and respect towards the eagles are contrasting. The Hawk Essay -- English Literature EssaysThe Hawk EssayTed Hughes and Robbin Jeffers offer many similarities and differences in their poems about hawks. Although written using contrasting styles, the poems share numerous ideas and themes. These ideas include power against weakness, arrogance, and exultation of hawks as Gods chosen ruler. Yet, Hughes and Jeffers show different attitudes towards hawks, one acting as a dictator of Creation, and the other as a defeated, but still respectable bird. The issue of power versus weakness is transmitted strongly in both poems. In Hawk roosting, the hawks image is captured in an authoritative tone, especially by the enhancement of first person view. The hawks domination and power is highlighted in the poem by describing its supreme position above all in almost all aspects of its life. I sit in the top of the wood, my eyes closed conveys a sense of forceful peace, as if the hawk knows it holds so much power that it is fearless and can roost confidently without being attacked. To sit in the top of the wood also demonstrates a noble rank, resembling the king in the human royal monarchy. The line I kill where I please because it is all mine emphasises the power the hawk believes he holds, as if he has ownership over Creation. Meanwhile, all other creations made by God are symbols of inferiority, acting to serve the hawk and die when he chooses for them to die. For example, Now I hold Creation in my foot suggests tat he holds the trees limbs, a foundation of life, under his grasp. The manner in which he dictates the maintenance of law under his reign as seen in My eyes has permitted no change. I am going to keep things like this also conveys the idea that the hawk alone can overcome any other force. Similarly, Hurt Hawks also creates the issue of power against weakness. Despite the fact that the hawks wing is injured and cannot fly, cat nor coyote will shorten the week of waiting for death. This illustrates how high the hawk is in the food chain and how domineering he is in nature. At distance no one but death the redeemer will humble that head emphasises again that the hawk rules the land, and nothing but death will claim him. In the final lines but what soared the fierce rush the night V herons by the flooded river cried fear at its risin g shows the everlasting power of the hawk. Despite the loss of its... ...k, results in a highly negative image. For example, there is no sophistry in my body. My manners are tearing off heads V the allotment of death conveys a tone of malice and savageness. Thus the idea of hawk is critical. On the other hand, Jeffers admires the courage of the hawk in his poem. He describes the submission in the bird, and the agony if experiences since it is physically stronger than other creatures but is now powerless. There is a sense of pity and sympathy as Jeffers describes the internal strength the hawk tries to maintain. Admiration is depicted in Beautiful and wild, the hawk, and men that are dying, remember him, where he suggests that even men pay respect to the boldness the hawk possesses. These contrasting concepts of criticism ad admiration are responsible for the difference of ideas expressed in the two poems. Through analysing the poems in terms of these subjects, attitudes and themes, similarities and differences can be made. Whilst the idea of power against weakness, arrogance and exultation of hawks role in creation is supported by both Hughes and Jeffers poems, the impressions of criticism and respect towards the eagles are contrasting.

Islands As A Narration Of A Yo :: essays research papers

A. Hemons Islands is the narrative of a young boys initiation into the adult world. The boy travels to a place he has neer been before, far away from all thecomforts of his childhood home. The island is full of secrets about the adult world andthe terrible things t assume put up happen within it. While away, he learns shocking lessonsabout the world in which he lives, mainly from his Uncle Julius, who tells scary storiesthat he thinks the boy should know about. The boy is vulnerable from everything onthe island and everything it contains. Through this unprotected environment, he learnsthings about the adult world that are not learned anywhere else.In the car on the way to the coast, the boy almost loses his phonation by singingcommunist songs the entire journey. (129) By his singing songs about mournfulmothers looking through graves for their dead sons and the revolution the boydemonstrates his naivity. He is, after all, just a young boy. His limited life experience isshown in his singing such songs, without understanding the full meanings andconnotations that those songs carry. The boys innocence is emphasized here, as theseare adult songs and it is only, generally, children who sing on car journeys until theirvoices are gone. Even before boarding the boat, the boy begins to notice how ugly age and adulthood can be. He notices the gnarled knees , the spreading sweat stains on theirshirts and sagging wrinkles of fat on their thighs. (129) At one point, he sees one ofthe Germans, an old, bony man have got down on his knees and hence vomit over the pieredge. The boy sees this, but still relates it back to something he understands. The vomit Catherine Hendersonhit the surface and then dispersed in different directions, like children running away tohide from the seeker. (130) Again, by relating something so grotesque to something sochildlike and innocent, the boy reminds the reader that he is still just a young child, notyet ready to deal with this kind of adult vision.Once boarded on the boat and sailing to Mljet, the boy loses his hat. It is not justa hat though, it is his hat that shielded him from the grown-ups and the adult way of life. If he wanted to look at them properly, he had to raise his head. The hat was around straw hat with all the seven dwarfs painted on it. (129) When the gust of